What a road bike actually gets you
A modern road bike is a very specific tool. The riding position is low and stretched out, which feels fast once you are used to it but takes a few rides if you have come from a flat bar. The tyres are usually between 25mm and 32mm wide, the gears are optimised for steady cadence on roads rather than climbing mountain tracks, and the whole thing is designed to hold speed with as little effort from you as possible.
If you plan to ride on paths, tow a child seat, or cover potholed city streets, a gravel bike or hybrid will serve you better. Road bikes punish rough surfaces and they are not built to carry heavy loads. But for long rides at a steady pace, road bikes remain the fastest, most efficient type of bike you can buy at any given budget.
The types of road bike, and which one suits you
Road bike has stopped meaning one thing. Over the last decade the category has split into distinct types, and picking the right one matters more than frame material or groupset. Race bikes are stiff and aerodynamic, with an aggressive low position for riders chasing speed. Endurance bikes raise the front end and add tyre clearance for comfort over long days, which suits most riders. Aero bikes go all in on slipping through the wind, with deep tube profiles and integrated cockpits.
Beyond those, touring bikes use steel frames and rack mounts to carry luggage over long distances, time-trial and triathlon bikes put you in an extreme aero position for racing the clock, and cyclocross bikes are light, knobbly-tyred race bikes built for an hour in the mud. Gravel bikes sit alongside road as the do-everything option, with wider tyres and mounts for mixed-surface riding. There is no single best road bike. The right one is the one that matches how you actually ride, so be honest about that before you look at anything else.